Levy (2009) found that older individuals who are able to adapt to and accept changes in their appearance and physical capacity in a positive way report higher well-being, have better health, and live longer. Research on interpersonal problem solving suggests that older adults use more effective strategies than younger adults to navigate through social and emotional problems. The articles in this special issue address distinctive challenges and opportunities faced by those in early, middle, and later adulthood. Chapter Sixteen. Longitudinal research also suggests that adult personality traits, such as conscientiousness, predict important life outcomes including job success, health, and longevity (Friedman, Tucker, Tomlinson-Keasey, Schwartz, Wingard, & Criqui, 1993;Roberts, Kuncel, Shiner, Caspi, & Goldberg, 2007). ), and an entirely American sample at that. The course of adulthood has changed radically over recent decades. Middle adulthood (46 . People suffer tension and anxiety when they fail to express all of their inherent qualities. They now dominate the field of empirical personality research. Perceived physical age (i.e., the age one looks in a mirror) is one aspect that requires considerable self-related adaptation in social and cultural contexts that value young bodies. Traditionally, middle adulthood has been regarded as a period of reflection and change. Social, Emotional, Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood Words: 370 Pages: 1 Cite this During middle adulthood, identity continues to develop, and this illustrates that Erikson's final four stages of development do not follow a chronological progression. On the other side of generativity is stagnation. Because these relationships are forced upon us by work, researchers focus less on their presence or absence and instead focus on their quality. This shift in emphasis, from long-term goals to short-term emotional satisfaction, may help explain the previously noted paradox of aging. That is, that despite noticeable physiological declines, and some notable self-reports of reduced life satisfaction around this time, post- 50 there seems to be a significant increase in reported subjective well-being. Previously the answer was thought to be no. Physical changes such as a deterioration in the gross and fine motor skills start to take place and health conditions are more likely. Self-Regulatory Strategies in Daily Life: Selection, Optimization, and Compensation and Everyday Memory Problems. The individual is still driven to engage productively, but the nurturing of children and income generation assume lesser functional importance.
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